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Lise Smit
Senior Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights and Director, Human Rights Due Diligence Forum
Biography Lise Smit is Senior Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights, and joined BIICL in March 2015. She conducts research on corporate human rights due diligence and other aspects of implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Prior to joining the Institute, Lise was a practicing advocate at the Cape Town Bar in South Africa. She has worked on business and human rights issues for the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre and the UN Global Compact Office.…
Business and Human Rights+1Irene Pietropaoli
Senior Fellow in Business & Human Rights
Biography Dr Irene Pietropaoli is a Senior Fellow in Business and Human Rights and joined BIICL in October 2018. She in the Director of the Human Rights Due Diligence Forum and conducts research and training programmes on corporate human rights and environmental due diligence. For example she leads BIICL's research on human rights in global supply chains and BIICL's short course on business and human rights. Irene is also leading BIICL's work on Artificial Intelligence …
Artificial Intelligence+3Yeongcheol Kim
Visiting Research Fellow
Biography Yeongcheol Kim has been working in the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS) in South Korea helping high-quality human resources to start new businesses and continue to grow since 2006. He also worked in the Human Resources Department of the Korea Aerospace and Research Institute (KARI) for two and a half years. Yeongcheol majored in Economics at the University of Seoul. He also has a master's degree in Public Policy from the Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National…
Business and Human Rights+3Adriana Giunta
Visiting Research Fellow
Biography Dr. Adriana Giunta joined BIICL as a Visiting Research Fellow in 2024. In BIICL, Adriana is working on her monograph on Indigenous Peoples' Environmental Rights under International Law and she is undergoing studies on Defining Environmental Rights under International Law. Her research focuses on climate change litigations, environmental rights, businesses and human rights, and the intersection between indigenous peoples' rights, sustainable development and climate justice. She has…
Business and Human Rights+3Jasmine Elliott
Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights
Biography Jasmine Elliott is a Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights and joined BIICL in September 2023. She is currently working on the BIICL project - Identifying and comparing impacts of mHREDD legal models on internal corporate practice. Jasmine's research interests have mainly considered business ethics and professional ethics as they relate to issues like human rights, corruption, and climate change. She is currently finishing her PhD in Practical Philosophy at the University…
Business and Human Rights+2Claire Bright
Associate Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights
Biography Dr Claire Bright is an Associate Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, as well as an Assistant Professor in Private Law at Nova Law School in Lisbon. She specialises in Business and Human Rights. Claire regularly organizes events and delivers short courses and trainings in the field. Her work to date has resulted in a number of peer reviewed publications in English, French, Italian and Spanish, including in the following journals: International…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Climate Change Litigation
Event Date: 10th October 2024
TRAINING Short Course: Climate Change Litigation Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Climate Change Litigation is an increasingly critical component of climate governance at the local, national, regional and global levels, exerting pressure on the executive and legislative…
Business and Human Rights+5Short Course: International Labour Law
Event Date: 27th September 2024
TRAINING Short Course: International Labour Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline Labour Law is a constantly evolving field of law and one which has a direct impact on governments, businesses, civil society organisations and workers. It influences the way in which governments design…
Business and Human Rights+4Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 25th September 2024
TRAINING Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Business and Human Rights+7Short Course: Business and Human Rights (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 19th September 2024
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Online Participation)
Event Date: 19th September 2024
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid)
Event Date: 19th September 2024
TRAININGTRAIN Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business…
Business and Human Rights+1Summer School: Public International Law (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 15th July 2024
EVENTS Summer School: Public International Law (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline Global events and legal developments continue to highlight the relevance of international law to various aspects of our lives. From dealing with climate change and environmental…
Business and Human Rights+4Summer School: Public International Law (Online Participation)
Event Date: 15th July 2024
EVENTS Summer School: Public International Law (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline Global events and legal developments continue to highlight the relevance of international law to various aspects of our lives. From dealing with climate change and environmental…
Business and Human Rights+4Summer School: Public International Law (Hybrid)
Event Date: 15th July 2024
EVENTS Summer School: Public International Law (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline Global events and legal developments continue to highlight the relevance of international law to various aspects of our lives. From dealing with climate change and environmental disasters,…
Artificial Intelligence+5Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 24th June 2024
EVENTS Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort…
Business and Human Rights+8Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Online Participation)
Event Date: 24th June 2024
EVENTS Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort…
Business and Human Rights+7Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Hybrid)
Event Date: 24th June 2024
TRAINING Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort of international…
Business and Human Rights+6HRDD Forum: Disengagement and Exit in Challenging Contexts: Human Rights Due Diligence Considerations
Event Date: 18th June 2024
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Disengagement and Exit in Challenging Contexts: Human Rights Due Diligence Considerations Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In conflict-affected or other challenging contexts, business may be required to end business relationships and leave a country or…
Business and Human RightsAI Dependencies and Cultures of Convenience - AI in Warfare Case study
Event Date: 29th April 2024
EVENTS AI Dependencies and Cultures of Convenience - AI in Warfare Case Study Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) is collaborating with Professor Mark Findlay on a series of webinars on 'Law and Change'. Law and Change is…
Artificial Intelligence+3Shaping the Future of Law and Policy with the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation
15th April 2024
There remains an enormous gap between the action needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and the mitigation and adaptation measures that are actually being implemented by States. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings are unequivocal: anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change and continue to increase, intensifying extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and heat waves, and harmful consequences including the melting of certain…
Business and Human Rights+2Short Course Public International Law in Practice (Online Participation)
Event Date: 10th April 2024
EVENTS Short Course Public International Law in Practice (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.…
Business and Human Rights+4Short Course Public International Law in Practice (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 10th April 2024
EVENTS Short Course Public International Law in Practice (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International…
Business and Human Rights+5Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (Hybrid)
Event Date: 10th April 2024
TRAINING Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative…
Business and Human Rights+6Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (Online Participation)
Event Date: 27th March 2024
EVENTS Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Please note, this page is for online participation. If you would like to participate in-person, please visit the in-person booking page. Event Details The purpose…
Business and Human Rights+4Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 27th March 2024
EVENTS Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Please note, this page is for in-person participation. If you would like to participate online, please visit the online booking page. Event Details…
Business and Human Rights+4Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation
Event Date: 27th March 2024
EVENTS Public Launch of the Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The purpose of BIICL's Global Toolbox on Corporate Climate Litigation (the "Toolbox") is to make corporate climate litigation speedier, more efficient, more…
Business and Human Rights+4Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics: National Reports
27th March 2024
More than 2000 climate change litigation cases have been filed globally. Whilst the majority of these cases have been filed against States, climate change-related cases have also been filed against private actors, mostly fossil fuel and cement companies, major greenhouse gas emitters. Whilst there is a growing body of work analysing climate litigation from a comparative perspective, analysis of the peculiarities of cases involving corporate players has yet to receive the same rigorous…
Business and Human Rights+3Impacts of human rights due diligence laws on internal corporate practice (Roundtable)
Event Date: 13th March 2024
EVENTS Impacts of human rights due diligence laws on internal corporate practice (Roundtable) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Since September 2023, with a grant by the Laudes Foundation, BIICL has been carrying out a project aimed at producing evidence of internal corporate…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Forum: The future of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due diligence Directive - different possible scenarios
Event Date: 12th March 2024
EVENTS HRDD Forum: The future of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due diligence Directive - different possible scenarios Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details On 14th December 2023, the European Council and the European Parliament reached a provisional agreement on the Corporate…
Business and Human Rights+1Tackling Climate Change Through Private Law: Comparative Insights and Prospects
Event Date: 31st January 2024
EVENTS Tackling Climate Change Through Private Law: Comparative Insights and Prospects Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Climate change is currently the most important "super-wicked" problem faced by humankind, considering that time is running out, there is no central authority to…
Business and Human Rights+3Tackling Climate Change Through Private Law: Comparative Insights and Prospects (Free)
Event Date: 31st January 2024
EVENTS Tackling Climate Change Through Private Law: Comparative Insights and Prospects Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Climate change is currently the most important "super-wicked" problem faced by humankind, considering that time is running out, there is no central authority to…
Business and Human Rights+3Human rights in global supply chains: Measuring the effectiveness of home state regulatory models on corporate behaviour
Irene Pietropaoli | 11th January 2024
This project is funded by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)'s Arts and Humanity Research Council (AHRC) in collaboration with the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of its UK-German research partnership investment. Since the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in 2011, various national legislative developments are being aimed at turning the voluntary UNGPs into binding legal obligations for corporate human rights impacts within global supply…
Business and Human Rights+2Human Rights Due Diligence in Contracts
Event Date: 5th December 2023
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Human Rights Due Diligence in Contracts Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This discussion will focus on the role of contractual provisions in human rights due diligence. Almost three years after our previous event on the same topic, intervening developments…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid)
Event Date: 4th December 2023
TRAINING Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Business and Human Rights
Last Updated: 2nd November 2023
Short Course: Business and Human Rights Share LinksCourse Outline This course provides participants with an appreciation of the human rights impacts of business activities; an awareness of the core concepts and principles established by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and an understanding of corporate human rights due diligence requirements. The course builds on developments at the international, regional, and national levels. By the end of the course,…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: International Labour Law
Event Date: 24th October 2023
TRAINING Short Course: International Labour Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline International Labour Law is a constantly evolving field of law and one which has a direct impact on governments, businesses, civil society organisations and workers. It influences the way in which…
Business and Human Rights+3Protection and recovery for vulnerable groups, post pandemic: European and Asian approaches
Event Date: 18th October 2023
EVENTS Protection and recovery for vulnerable groups, post pandemic: European and Asian approaches Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In the post-pandemic era, business and human rights protection underwent significant shifts. Global supply chain disruptions exposed the need for greater…
Artificial Intelligence+3Human Rights Due Diligence for Downstream Impacts
Event Date: 26th September 2023
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Human Rights Due Diligence for Downstream Impacts Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The newly revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct apply to the entire value chain, including downstream human rights impacts, and…
Artificial Intelligence+1Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 21st September 2023
TRAINING Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Business and Human Rights+82023 Annual HRDD Forum Conference: The implications of mHREDD laws for the financial and legal sectors
Event Date: 11th September 2023
EVENTS 2023 Annual HRDD Forum Conference: The implications of mHREDD laws for the financial and legal sectors (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Legislative developments around mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (mHREDD) laws are accumulating.…
Business and Human RightsReporting and Disclosure Obligations for Companies
Jean-Pierre Gauci | 17th August 2023
Legislation in the European Union and many other jurisdictions is increasingly targeting corporate entities and creating new reporting and disclosure obligations in relation to the environmental, social and human rights impacts of companies' activities. In partnership with MadeBy, BIICL is undertaking a project to map the reporting and disclosure obligations for companies arising from sixteen instruments identified as key developments in the environmental and social sustainability…
Business and Human Rights+2Pathogen Sharing and International Law The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty (In Person Participation)
Event Date: 19th July 2023
EVENTS Pathogen Sharing and International Law The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty (In Person Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: Please note, this page is for in person participation. If you would like to participate online please visit the online…
Arbitration+4Pathogen Sharing and International Law The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty (Online Participation)
Event Date: 19th July 2023
EVENTS Pathogen Sharing and International Law The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty (Online Participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: Please note, this page is for online participation. If you would like to participate in person please visit the in person booking page. …
Arbitration+4Pathogen Sharing and International Law: The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty
Event Date: 19th July 2023
EVENTS Pathogen Sharing and International Law: The Search for Equity Under the Pandemic Treaty Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: Event Details World Health Organisation (WHO) Member States are currently negotiating a pandemic treaty, intended to address the global failures…
Arbitration+4Transnational Implications of mHREDD Laws
Event Date: 27th June 2023
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Transnational Implications of mHREDD Laws Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Legislative developments around mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (mHREDD) continue to multiply. Many of these laws apply to foreign companies that carry out business…
Business and Human Rights+1Identifying and comparing impacts of mHREDD legal models on internal corporate practice
Irene Pietropaoli | 20th June 2023
Legislation imposing mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (mHREDD) are multiplying. While these laws are all based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), they use different legislative models - including some provisions which limit or contradict UNGPs expectations. In this way, each legal model necessitates slightly different corporate practices. Although these laws are new, companies and their legal advisers are already taking steps towards…
Business and Human RightsProtection and Recovery for Vulnerable Groups, Post-Pandemic: European and Asian Approaches
Event Date: 19th June 2023
EVENTS Protection and Recovery for Vulnerable Groups, Post-Pandemic: European and Asian Approaches Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The Covid-19 pandemic had a marked effect on vulnerable individuals and groups such as small businesses, women and children, supply chain workers,…
Business and Human Rights+4Call for Papers: Vulnerability in and Across International Law
5th June 2023
Edited Volume and Workshop: Call for Papers The notion of vulnerability is a feature across a range of areas of international and domestic law. Individuals, groups, communities, geographies, resources and some States are increasingly described as 'vulnerable'. In many areas of law (including to a large degree, human rights), vulnerability is 'group-based' - in that particular groups are assumed to be vulnerable - and this group-based approach has been the basis of much of the existing (legal)…
Business and Human Rights+2Corporate Climate Litigation: Lessons Learned, Comparative Perspectives and Future Pathways
5th June 2023
More than 2000 climate change litigation cases have been filed globally. Whilst the majority of these cases have been filed against States, climate change-related cases have also been filed against private actors, mostly against the fossil fuel and cement companies that are the major greenhouse gas emitters. Although there is a growing body of work analysing climate litigation from a comparative perspective, analysis of the peculiarities of cases involving corporate players has yet to…
Business and Human Rights+2AI Ethics and the Rule of Law: Business and Human Rights Considerations
19th May 2023
Earlier this week, I was at the House of Lords discussing business and human rights considerations surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI). The event could not be more timely with daily news about AI developments and increasing concern and contrasting views on whether it is going to be a force for good or a critical risk for humanity. AI has the potential to improve healthcare and diseases diagnosis but can also cause patient harm and worsen health inequalities. New AI tools can help…
Artificial Intelligence+2Corporate Climate Litigation: Lessons Learned, Comparative Perspectives and Future Pathways (in person participation)
Event Date: 11th May 2023
EVENTS Corporate Climate Litigation: Lessons Learned, Comparative Perspectives and Future Pathways (in person participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details BIICL's project on Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics examines the unique aspects of climate litigation…
Business and Human Rights+5Corporate Climate Litigation Lessons Learned, Comparative Perspectives and Future Pathways
Event Date: 11th May 2023
EVENTS Corporate Climate Litigation: Lessons Learned, Comparative Perspectives and Future Pathways Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location 2023 05 11 - Corporate Climate Litigation Read the Event Report Event Details BIICL's project on Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics examines the…
Business and Human Rights+5Short Course: Business and Human Rights (online participation)
Event Date: 24th April 2023
TRAINING Short Course: Business and Human Rights (online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid)
Event Date: 24th April 2023
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights training…
Business and Human Rights+1ESG Reporting Requirements: Three emerging EU frameworks and how they interact
Event Date: 18th April 2023
EVENTS HRDD Forum: ESG Reporting Requirements: Three emerging EU frameworks and how they interact Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This discussion will focus on three new ESG reporting frameworks in Europe: The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the EU Taxonomy,…
Business and Human Rights+2Public International Law in Practice (in person participation)
Event Date: 3rd April 2023
TRAINING Public International Law in Practice (in person participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme…
Business and Human Rights+7Public International Law in Practice (online participation)
Event Date: 3rd April 2023
TRAINING Public International Law in Practice (online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme…
Business and Human Rights+7Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (Hybrid)
Event Date: 3rd April 2023
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme…
Business and Human Rights+7The Cuban tourism sector: mitigating the risk of labour exploitation in a holiday paradise...
6th March 2023
Have you ever been to Cuba and enjoyed the hospitality and warmth of its people? If you have, you may have stayed in a European hotel branch in Havana or enjoyed the pleasures of the island in a foreign cruise, now that the presence of multinational corporations is part of the Cuban economic landscape. What you may be less aware of is the risk of labour exploitation associated with the tourism and hospitality sector in the island. Some of the waiters or kitchen personnel in those hotels, or…
Business and Human Rights+2Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law
Event Date: 3rd March 2023
TRAINING Short Course: Foundations of Public International Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort of international law experts from…
Business and Human Rights+7HRDD Forum: Forced Labour Import Ban Developments
Event Date: 31st January 2023
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Forced Labour Import Ban Developments Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In September 2022, the EU Commission proposed a regulation to ban from the EU market products that were produced with forced labour. US customs authorities had already been implementing import…
Business and Human Rights+22nd Africa Arbitration Day (In person participation)
Event Date: 19th January 2023
EVENTS 2nd Africa Arbitration Day (In person participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-Organised with Conference Details Today, Africa is arguably the most magnetic of the world's emerging economies with a fast-rising youthful population and enormous opportunities for international trade and investments.…
Arbitration+42nd Africa Arbitration Day (online participation)
Event Date: 19th January 2023
EVENTS 2nd Africa Arbitration Day (online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised with Conference Details Today, Africa is arguably the most magnetic of the world's emerging economies with a fast-rising youthful population and enormous opportunities for international trade and investments.…
Arbitration+42nd Africa Arbitration Day (Hybrid)
Event Date: 19th January 2023
EVENTS 2nd Africa Arbitration Day (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised with Conference Outline Today, Africa is arguably the most magnetic of the world's emerging economies with a fast-rising youthful population and enormous opportunities for international trade and investments. Disputes…
Arbitration+4Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics - IEG Italy
Last Updated: 12th December 2022
National Rapporteur for Italy Professor Attilio PISANÒ is Professor of Legal Philosophy and Human Rights at the University of Salento, Italy. He is also a Principal Researcher on The Political Terror Scale project at the University of North Carolina. Professor Pisanò has published widely in both Italian and international journals and has authored a number of books on Human Rights. International Expert Group Italy Professor Pisanò is…
Business and Human Rights+4EAPIL-BIICL Seminar on the Rome II Regulation
Event Date: 2nd December 2022
EVENTS EAPIL-BIICL Seminar on the Rome II Regulation Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised with EAPIL Event Details A joint seminar hosted by the European Association of Private International Law (EAPIL) and the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). The Seminar…
Artificial Intelligence+5Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics: Developing a Comparative Toolbox for Corporate Climate Litigation
Event Date: 17th November 2022
EVENTS Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics: Developing a Comparative Toolbox for Corporate Climate Litigation Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details BIICL is delighted to launch a new landmark international research project on corporate climate litigation. More than…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: International Labour Law
Event Date: 14th November 2022
EVENTS Short Course: International Labour Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details International Labour Law is a constantly evolving field of law and one which has a direct impact on governments, businesses, civil society organisations and workers. It influences the way in which governments…
Business and Human Rights+3A model law with the key elements for an EU Regulation to prohibit the import and export of products made or transported with forced labour
10th November 2022
This research was commissioned by Anti-Slavery International, the European Center for Constitutional Human Rights (ECCHR) and the Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament. The legal analysis and drafting were conducted by Dr Irene Pietropaoli, Lise Smit, and Dr Julinda Beqiraj, of BIICL. The legal analysis and drafting were co-funded by the Greens/EFA Group and Freedom Fund. In September 2022, the European Commission published a Proposal for a Regulation on prohibiting products made with…
Business and Human Rights+2Supplying governments amidst modern slavery provisions in public procurement.
4th November 2022
This is an accompanying piece to a Modern Slavery and Human Rights Policy and Evidence Centre (Modern Slavery PEC) Policy Brief on the Effectiveness of public procurement measures in addressing modern slavery. The Modern Slavery PEC is led by the Bingham Centre and Dr Sofia Gonzalez de Aguinaga is one of the authors of the Brief. Here she discusses the impact of public procurement modern slavery measures on business. Businesses are increasingly facing regulations to tackle modern slavery…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: International Trade, Investment and Business Law
Event Date: 4th November 2022
EVENTS Short Course: International Trade, Investment and Business Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Featured by Transnational Dispute Management Course Details This course has been developed to provide participants with a solid overview of the range of topics relevant to international business today. It…
Business and Human Rights+2Climate Change and Inequality: Insights from Research (In person participation)
Event Date: 25th October 2022
EVENTS Climate Change and Inequality: Insights from Research (In person participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details At this event, speakers will share insights from their research around climate change and inequality. The discussion will focus on the existing research - and lack thereof…
Business and Human Rights+2Climate Change and Inequality: Insights from Research (online participation)
Event Date: 25th October 2022
EVENTS Climate Change and Inequality: Insights from Research (online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details At this event, speakers will share insights from their research around climate change and inequality. The discussion will focus on the existing research - and lack thereof - around…
Business and Human Rights+2HRDD Forum Annual Conference: Human Rights Due Diligence, Price and Remuneration
Event Date: 10th October 2022
EVENTS HRDD Forum Annual Conference: Human Rights Due Diligence, Price and Remuneration Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Purchasing practices, pricing and remuneration are often at the heart of human rights harms in global value chains. Yet price and remuneration are not often…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 15th September 2022
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Business and Human Rights+7What is next for human rights due diligence?
6th September 2022
Calls for HRDD laws are growing globally, with 'failure to prevent' model already in the UK anti-bribery legislation. How can they effectively address modern slavery in business supply chains? We want laws to improve our lives, to be effective, and we expect an efficient use of limited government's resources. But extensive research, including one commissioned by the Modern Slavery PEC and carried out by the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law and the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights,…
Business and Human RightsBIICL offers first executive education with world-renowned business school ESCP
18th July 2022
BIICL is offering its first ever executive education with Paris-based business school ESCP, one of the most highly ranked management schools worldwide and in the UK. The online course, entitled "Integrating Human Rights into Business", will allow participants to build capacity for implementing respect for human rights into business activities. It will consist of four elective certificate courses, each two weeks and 12 hours in duration, made up of live and asynchronous content. Course participants…
Business and Human Rights+122nd BIICL Annual WTO Conference
Event Date: 15th July 2022
EVENTS 22nd BIICL Annual WTO Conference Climate Change: Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) Approaches and the WTO Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored By Conference Details Why are Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) Approaches being considered by an increasing number of countries? What are the factors…
Business and Human Rights+3Former BIICL Director joins UN working group on business and human rights
13th July 2022
Robert McCorquodale appointed to UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights BIICL is delighted that the United Nations Human Rights Council has appointed former BIICL Director Professor Robert McCorquodale to be a member of the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights. This is an expert body of 5 people from around the globe, appointed for 6 years each, who seek to provide guidance and clarification in this field for companies, states and civil society. They can also take some complaints…
Business and Human RightsGlobal Governance at a Crossroads: Finding Solutions to Challenges Facing the Multilateral Trade System
Event Date: 29th June 2022
EVENTS Global Governance at a Crossroads: Finding Solutions to Challenges Facing the Multilateral Trade System Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The 12th session of the WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12) took place on 12-17 June 2022 at WTO headquarters in Geneva, after being…
Business and Human Rights+3The Climate Case against Total in France: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects
Event Date: 29th June 2022
EVENTS The Climate Case against Total in France: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Climate litigation is developing in a large number of countries around the world. Alongside lawsuits against states, there are more and more lawsuits against companies.…
Business and Human Rights+4Intensive Course: Foundations of Public International Law
Event Date: 20th June 2022
EVENTS Intensive Course: Foundations of Public International Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort of international…
Business and Human Rights+7Intensive Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Online participation)
Event Date: 20th June 2022
EVENTS Intensive Course: Foundations of Public International Law (Online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This short course provides participants with an in depth understanding of the basic tenets of public international law. Bringing together a distinguished cohort…
Business and Human Rights+7Collective HRDD Engagement and Competition Law
Event Date: 23rd May 2022
EVENTS Collective HRDD Engagement and Competition Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details At this session, we will consider how companies that engage with peers in their industry on the implementation of human rights due diligence might in so doing run competition law risks. While…
Business and Human Rights+1The International and Comparative Conference on the Legislation and Practice of Individual Insolvency (In person participation)
Event Date: 20th May 2022
EVENTS The International and Comparative Conference on the Legislation and Practice of Individual Insolvency (In person participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised by Event Details China, the second largest economy in the world, enacted its 'Enterprise Bankruptcy Law' in 2006, a law…
Business and Human Rights+3The International and Comparative Conference on the Legislation and Practice of Individual Insolvency (Online participation)
Event Date: 20th May 2022
EVENTS The International and Comparative Conference on the Legislation and Practice of Individual Insolvency (Online participation) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-Organisers Event Details China, the second largest economy in the world, enacted its 'Enterprise Bankruptcy Law' in 2006, a law that covered…
Business and Human Rights+3Human rights responsibilities of multinational enterprises and States in the Cuban tourism sector
13th April 2022
The tourism and hospitality sector has been key to the development of the Cuban economy for decades. It is one of the essential economic pillars in the Cuban system, and one where foreign multinational corporations operate in partnership with State-owned companies to provide their services. As in many other geographical contexts, the Cuban tourism and hospitality sector has been associated with risks of labour exploitation, discrimination, and other human rights concerns. This report…
Business and Human Rights+3Business, Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence
Event Date: 11th April 2022
EVENTS Business, Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Artificial Intelligence (AI)'s rapid development portends the potential for machines to act and make decisions independently, potentially transforming society. The AI and big data models…
Artificial Intelligence+1Business and Human Rights: Forum non conveniens and the mystery of the assumed host state jurisdiction
5th April 2022
This is a presentation that was delivered by Lise Smit during the March 2022 conference on the topic of the "Impacts of Business and Human Rights on Public International Law" on the occasion of Robert McCorquodale's retirement from the University of Nottingham. The concept of forum non conveniens is of relevance again now since the UK left the EU, insofar as the Brussels I Recast Regulation no longer applies to claims brought in UK courts. (The Brussels I Recast Regulation establishes jurisdiction…
Business and Human RightsPart 2: Responsible Exit from Russia: Business and Human Rights in a Global Governance Gap
22nd March 2022
This is a two-part blog series. In Part 1 Dr Irene Pietropaoli discusses whether foreign companies have a responsibility under international law to leave Russia. In Part 2, Dr. Irene Pietrapaoli and Dr. Daniel Aguirre discuss responsible exits from Russia. Hundreds of multinational companies have left Russia since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine. While this voluntary divestment - most are not subject to sanctions - may be an effective economic weapon in response…
Business and Human Rights+3HRDD in the Public Sector and Public Procurement
Event Date: 21st March 2022
EVENTS HRDD in the Public Sector and Public Procurement Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details During the pandemic, concerns were raised about national health authorities sourcing PPE allegedly produced through forced labour. These reports coincided with questions around revising the…
Business and Human Rights+1Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and International Law: Questions and Answers
17th March 2022
Authors: Prof. Yarik Kryvoi (YK), Kristin Hausler (KH), Iris Anastasiadou (IA), Dr Jean-Pierre Gauci (JPG), Dr Noemi Magugliani (NM), Dr Irene Pietropaoli (IP), Dr Berenika Drazewska (BD) In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) has prepared a list of relevant questions and answers, which the general public may have. In addition to answers prepared by BIICL's experts in the relevant…
Business and Human Rights+4Human Rights Due Diligence and Systemic Inequalities: Conference Report
17th March 2022
The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) and the University of Copenhagen Centre for Private Governance (CEPRI) held the conference 'Human Rights Due Diligence and Systemic Inequalities' on 25 and 26 October 2021. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) expect business enterprises to undertake human rights due diligence to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for their adverse human rights impacts, and apply to "all internationally recognised…
Business and Human RightsPart 1: Do foreign companies have a responsibility under international law to leave Russia?
14th March 2022
This is a two-part blog series. In Part 1 Dr Irene Pietropaoli discusses whether foreign companies have a responsibility under international law to leave Russia. In Part 2, Dr. Irene Pietrapaoli and Dr. Daniel Aguirre discuss responsible exits from Russia. Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24th February, over 300 multinational companies have decided to leave Russia or suspend their operations there. Do they have an obligation under international law to do so? Foreign companies have…
Business and Human Rights+3Short Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 10th March 2022
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights…
Business and Human Rights+1The new European Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence
23rd February 2022
Today, on Wednesday, 23 February 2022, the European Commission released its highly anticipated Draft Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence, also known as the mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence Directive (mHREDD). This is a historic moment for the field of business and human rights, ESG and the strive towards sustainable and responsible business conduct that upholds respect for human rights, decent work and environmental standards throughout the entire…
Business and Human Rights+1Historic new European Sustainability Due Diligence law follows pioneering BIICL study
23rd February 2022
European Commission launches new Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence following BIICL-led study Today, on Wednesday, 23 February 2022, the European Commission released its highly anticipated Draft Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence, also known as the mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence Directive (mHREDD). This is a historic moment for the field of business and human rights, ESG and the strive towards sustainable and responsible business…
Business and Human Rights+1Corporate Accountability and Liability Mechanisms for Climate Change: Event Report
9th December 2021
The question as to how companies should be addressing their impacts on climate change has never been as urgent. The recent decision in the Netherlands in Milieudefensie v Royal Dutch Shell is another example of legal and societal expectations that companies should take proactive steps towards reducing and even eliminating their contributions to the various factors that fuel climate change. These concerns have not only surfaced in litigation around the world, but also in other methods…
Business and Human Rights+2HRDD Forum: Criminal liability for corporate human rights harms
Event Date: 6th December 2021
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Criminal liability for corporate human rights harms Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Recent high profile cases have drawn renewed attention to long-standing questions regarding criminal liability for corporate human rights harms. At this discussion, speakers will…
Business and Human RightsAnnual Conference on Business, Human Rights and Sustainability
Event Date: 24th November 2021
EVENTS Annual Conference on Business, Human Rights and Sustainability Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The NOVA Centre on Business, Human Rights and the Environment is organising its First Annual Conference on Business, Human Rights and Sustainability organised in partnership with PLMJ ,…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 27th October 2021
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights…
Business and Human Rights+1Human Rights Due Diligence and Systemic Inequalities
Event Date: 25th October 2021
EVENTS Human Rights Due Diligence and Systemic Inequalities Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised by Event Details The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) expect business enterprises to undertake human rights due diligence to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 7th October 2021
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme focuses…
Business and Human Rights+9Corporate Accountability and Liability Mechanisms for Climate Change: Developments and Comparative Models
Event Date: 27th September 2021
EVENTS Corporate Accountability and Liability Mechanisms for Climate Change: Developments and Comparative Models Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The question as to how companies should be addressing their impacts on climate change has never been as urgent. The recent decision in…
Business and Human Rights+2Corporate Accountability and Liability Mechanisms for Climate Change: Practitioners’ Workshop
Event Date: 27th September 2021
EVENTS Corporate Accountability and Liability Mechanisms for Climate Change: Practitioners' Workshop Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The question as to how companies should be addressing their impacts on climate change has never been as urgent. The recent decision in the Netherlands…
Business and Human Rights+2HRDD Forum: Covid-19 and Value Chains: Three recent studies
Event Date: 9th September 2021
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Covid-19 and Value Chains: Three recent studies Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details At this thematic session, speakers will present their recent findings on the impact of Covid-19 in value chains, all the way from the agricultural fields, through the garment supply…
Business and Human Rights+4Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law
Event Date: 30th June 2021
EVENTS Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The possibility to complain about the violation of human rights before a supra-national body is an essential element towards the effective implementation of international human rights law. Beyond…
Business and Human Rights+9Webinar Series: Business, Human Rights and the Environment in Europe
Event Date: 24th June 2021
EVENTS Webinar Series: Business, Human Rights and the Environment in Europe: Connecting the Dots Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Series Overview With the support of the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union, the Nova Centre on Business, Human Rights and the Environment (NOVA…
Business and Human Rights+2Data for investor action on modern slavery
16th June 2021
Report laying groundwork for developing data solutions for investors to help address modern slavery. This report, entitled Data for Investor Action on Modern Slavery: A Landscape Analysis, was developed by Florian Ostmann and Alex Harris from the Alan Turing Institute and Nyasha Weinberg, Irene Pietropaoli and Lise Smit from the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law. The outputs of the project include a full report, brief Research Summary and a catalogue of data resources on modern slavery…
Artificial Intelligence+2Data for Investor action on Modern Slavery
Event Date: 15th June 2021
EVENTS Data for investor action on modern slavery Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details There is increasing recognition of the important role of investors when it comes to addressing modern slavery risks in business supply chains and the private sector more generally. Investors' information needs…
Artificial Intelligence+2Human Rights Responsibilities of Multi-National Enterprises Working in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Cuba
Jean-Pierre Gauci | 15th June 2021
Companies, including foreign companies, operating in the tourism and hospitality sector in Cuba have the responsibility to respect the human rights of workers. This includes the duty to set up policies and due diligence processes to assess the risk of labour exploitation in their supply chains, to identify exploitation cases, and to take steps to ensure access to remedy for those workers whose rights may have been abused. States where those companies are domiciled also have obligations…
Business and Human Rights+3HRDD Forum: Forum non conveniens and access to remedy in UK courts post-Brexit
Event Date: 14th June 2021
EVENTS Forum non conveniens and access to remedy in UK courts post-Brexit Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Since Brexit, the Brussels I Recast Regulation no longer applies to UK courts. The Regulation overcomes the forum non conveniens doctrine by establishing the jurisdiction…
Brexit+2Corporate Due Diligence and Climate Change
31st May 2021
This blog post is based on the intervention of Ivano Alogna in the webinar on Corporate Due Diligence and the Green Deal organised by the Nova Centre on Business, Human Rights and the Environment with the support of the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union in partnership with the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, the Portuguese Ombudsman (Provedor de Justiça), the Teaching Business and Human Rights Forum, and NOVA 4 The Globe on…
Business and Human Rights+2The legal implications of the proposed German Supply Chain Act (Lieferkettengesetz)
Event Date: 27th April 2021
EVENTS HRDD Forum: The legal implications of the proposed German Supply Chain Act (Lieferkettengesetz) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In March 2021, a German bill on mandatory human rights due diligence in supply chains was passed by the Federal Cabinet. The Lieferkettengesetz…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 7th April 2021
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights…
Business and Human Rights+1Part 1: The Great Vaccination Passports Debate: “ID Cards on Steroids” or the Rational Way Forward?
1st April 2021
This is a two-part blog series. In Part 1, Prof. Lilian Edwards discusses if there is a case for vaccine passports at all. In Part 2, Dr. Irene Pietrapaoli discusses the legal and practical detail of such schemes if it is decided to proceed. The UK Government recently consulted on setting up a "COVID-Status certification scheme" (CSCS), looking "to consider the ethical, equalities, privacy, legal and operational aspects of a potential certification scheme, and what limits, if any, should…
Artificial Intelligence+2Part 2: Getting Digital Health Passports Right? Legal, Ethical and Equality Considerations
1st April 2021
This is a two-part blog series. In Part 1 Prof. Lilian Edwards discusses if there is a case for vaccine passports at all. In Part 2, Dr. Irene Pietrapaoli discusses the legal and practical detail of such schemes if it is decided to proceed. The UK Government has just closed a public consultation on a 'COVID-Status certification scheme' (CSCS). We submitted our response where we make the following arguments. The Government should consider before commissioning new technologies…
Artificial Intelligence+2The importance of civil liability for a corporate human rights duty
16th March 2021
Image courtesy of Sosialistisk Ungdom (SU) Transcript of the intervention of Lise Smit in the webinar on Corporate Due Diligence and Civil Liability on 28 January 2021 organised by the Nova Centre on Business, Human Rights and the Environment with the support of the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union in partnership with the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, the Portuguese Ombudsman (Provedor de Justiça), the Teaching Business and Human…
Business and Human Rights+1Effectiveness of Section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act
26th February 2021
Report analysing how effective section 54 has been in holding UK businesses accountable for modern slavery in their supply chains. Executive summary In 2015, the Government of the United Kingdom (Government) introduced section 54 (section 54) of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 (MSA). Section 54 requires businesses with a certain annual turnover to publish a 'slavery and human trafficking statement' (MSA statement) every year. In the express intention of the lawmakers, the MSA statement would…
Business and Human Rights+1Contesting AI Explanations in the UK
Event Date: 24th February 2021
EVENTS Contesting AI explanations in the UK Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised by BIICL and Event Details Legal explanations of artificial intelligence (AI) are shaping its future. The General Data Protection Regulation includes a 'right to explanation' that secures a limited opening of the algorithmic…
Artificial Intelligence+1Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 16th February 2021
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Arbitration+6HRDD Forum: Human Rights Due Diligence in Contracts
Event Date: 27th January 2021
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Human Rights Due Diligence in Contracts Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Company surveys show that contractual clauses are the most frequently used mechanism for supply chain human rights due diligence. Yet supplier surveys show that contractual obligations,…
Business and Human RightsCivil Remedies and Human Rights in Flux
21st January 2021
On 22-26 October 2020, the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights (Faculty of Law, University of Oxford) hosted an online roundtable to discuss challenges and opportunities for using civil claims against state and non-state actors as a mechanism for human rights accountability ("Roundtable"). This Roundtable was part of the research project funded by the Oak Foundation to conduct a comparative study of civil liability for human rights violations across several jurisdictions in the Global…
Business and Human Rights+1What does human rights due diligence for climate change impacts look like?
13th January 2021
The collected presentations of the BIICL webinar series "Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts" is now available here. BIICL held the webinar series 'Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts' from 10 September to 1 October 2020. This topic came to our attention as requiring further consideration when we were leading a study for the European Commission on regulatory options for mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence. The study showed that…
Business and Human Rights+2Webinar Series: Episode 5: Business and Human Rights Developments in Greece
Event Date: 12th January 2021
Webinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Series Episode 5: Business and Human Rights Developments in Greece Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by BIICL and Nova School of Law Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action Plans…
Business and Human RightsHuman Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts: Webinar Series Report
12th January 2021
This report has been updated on 14 January 2021 The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) held the webinar series 'Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts' from 10th September to 1st October 2020, as part of the newly established BIICL Human Rights Due Diligence Forum. Developments around mandatory human rights due diligence laws are multiplying across Europe, and increasingly include climate change impacts within their scope. As a result, companies,…
Business and Human Rights+2Webinar Series: Episode 4: Business and Human Rights Developments in Switzerland
Event Date: 15th December 2020
Webinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Episode 4: Business and Human Rights Developments in Switzerland Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by Nova School of Law and BIICL Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action…
Business and Human RightsBook Launch: Business, Human Rights and Transitional Justice
Event Date: 12th November 2020
EVENTS Book Launch: Business, Human Rights and Transitional Justice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Detail The Oxford Business and Human Rights Network and the Oxford Transitional Justice Research host the launch of 'Business, Human Rights and Transitional Justice' (Routledge, 2020) …
Business and Human RightsWebinar Series: Episode 3: Business and Human Rights Developments in Italy
Event Date: 10th November 2020
Webinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Episode 3: Business and Human Rights Developments in Italy Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by Nova School of Law and BIICL Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action Plans in Business…
Business and Human RightsWebinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe
Event Date: 10th November 2020
Webinar Series:: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by Nova School of Law and BIICL Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action Plans in Business and Human Rights and have enacted legislations or…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 26th October 2020
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights…
Business and Human Rights+1Trade, Tech, and Artificial Intelligence: Exporting British Values?
Event Date: 15th October 2020
EVENTS Trade, Tech, and Artificial Intelligence: Exporting British Values? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Organised in conjunction with Event details The UK industrial strategy sets out grand challenges to put UK business at the forefront of the industries of the future. It has set Artificial Intelligence…
Artificial Intelligence+2Webinar Series: Episode 2: Business and Human Rights Developments in Spain
Event Date: 13th October 2020
Webinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Series Episode 2: Business and Human Rights Developments in Spain Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by BIICL and Nova School of Law Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action Plans in…
Business and Human RightsVirtual Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 7th October 2020
ONLINE Virtual Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human Rights…
Business and Human Rights+1HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Episode 4: Meeting the Standard: What Does Adequate Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Look Like in Practice?
Event Date: 1st October 2020
HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts Episode 4: Meeting the Standard: What Does Adequate Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Look Like in Practice? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Concept Developments around mandatory human rights due diligence…
Business and Human Rights+1Virtual Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 29th September 2020
ONLINE Virtual Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme…
Arbitration+6Business and Human Rights Developments in Belgium, Luxembourg and Portugal
Event Date: 28th September 2020
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Business and Human Rights developments in Belgium, Luxembourg and Portugal Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In this session, experts will present findings from recent studies on the business and human rights landscapes of Belgium, Luxembourg and Portugal. These…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Forum Webinar Series: Episode 3: Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence Laws: What are their Implications Regarding Corporate Climate Change impacts?
Event Date: 24th September 2020
HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts Episode 3: Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence Laws: What are their Implications Regarding Corporate Climate Change Impacts? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Concept Developments around mandatory human rights due…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 22nd September 2020
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event details Short Course Public International Law in Practice offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Arbitration+5HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Episode 2: The (intended) impact of climate change litigation on corporate due diligence
Event Date: 17th September 2020
HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts Episode 2: The (intended) impact of climate change litigation on corporate due diligence Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Concept Developments around mandatory human rights due diligence laws are multiplying across…
Business and Human Rights+1EU Vice President Heidi Hautala Speaks at BIICL Webinar
17th September 2020
Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe The webinar series on Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe kicked off on the 15th of September 2020. It is jointly organised by Nova School of Law and the British Institute for International and Comparative Law. The keynote speech was delivered by the Vice-president of the European Parliament, Heidi Hautala. In recent years, much of the attention in the business and human rights field has focused overwhelmingly…
Business and Human RightsWebinar Series: Episode 1: Business and Human Rights Developments in Portugal
Event Date: 15th September 2020
Webinar Series: Business and Human Rights Developments in Southern Europe Episode 1: Business and Human Rights Developments in Portugal Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Jointly organised by Nova School of Law and BIICL Concept Various jurisdictions across the world have adopted National Action Plans…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Forum Webinar Series: Episode 1: Corporate Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts: The Status Quo
Event Date: 10th September 2020
HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts Episode 1: Corporate Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts: The Status Quo Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Concept Developments around mandatory human rights due diligence laws are multiplying across…
Business and Human Rights+1HRDD Forum Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts
Event Date: 10th September 2020
Webinar Series: Human Rights Due Diligence for Climate Change Impacts Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Concept Developments around mandatory human rights due diligence laws are multiplying across Europe, and increasingly include climate change impacts within their scope. As a result, companies,…
Business and Human Rights+1Submission on the Issue of the Applicable Law in the Revised Draft of the Business and Human Rights
3rd July 2020
The report of the fifth session of the open-ended intergovernmental working group on transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights (OEIGWG) stated: that the Chair-Rapporteur invite and encourage regional and political groups, intergovernmental organizations, national human rights institutions, civil society organizations and all other relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, to organize consultations at all levels, including in particular at the…
Business and Human RightsEurope Consultation on Revised Draft of the Proposed Business and Human Rights Treaty
Event Date: 1st July 2020
CONSULTATION Europe Consultation on Revised Draft of the Proposed Business and Human Rights Treaty Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In June 2014, the UN Human Rights Council established an open-ended intergovernmental working group 'to elaborate an international legally…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Forum: How to measure the 'effectiveness' of corporate human rights regulation
Event Date: 15th June 2020
EVENTS HRDD Forum: How to measure the 'effectiveness' of corporate human rights regulation Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event details On 29 April 2020 the European Commission announced a legislative initiative on mandatory due diligence for human rights and environmental impacts, based…
Business and Human RightsArtificial Intelligence and Data Economy: A Business and Human Rights Approach
Event Date: 2nd June 2020
WEBINAR Artificial Intelligence and Data Economy: A Business and Human Rights Approach Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Recording of the webinar Artificial Intelligence and Data Economy: A Business and Human Rights Approach Event Details This is the second webinar in our series on 'Artificial…
Artificial Intelligence+2Law firms and chambers seminar: Regulatory options for human rights due diligence in the EU and UK: Presentation of two BIICL studies
Event Date: 6th May 2020
EVENTS Law firms and chambers seminar: Regulatory options for human rights due diligence in the EU and UK: Presentation of two BIICL studies Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details During 2019, calls for mandatory human rights due diligence laws multiplied across Europe, and businesses…
Business and Human RightsBusiness seminar: Presentation of two BIICL studies on human rights due diligence regulatory options in the UK and EU
Event Date: 4th May 2020
Events Business seminar: Presentation of two BIICL studies on human rights due diligence regulatory options in the UK and EU Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event details During 2019, calls for mandatory human rights due diligence laws multiplied across Europe, and businesses are increasingly…
Business and Human RightsBIICL-led due diligence study basis for European legislative initiative
30th April 2020
European Commission will launch a legislative initiative to consider the introduction of mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence Yesterday, on 29 April, EC Commissioner Didier Reynders (DG Justice and Consumers) presented the BIICL-led study on due diligence requirements through the supply chain. During the presentation, it was announced that the European Commission will launch a legislative initiative to consider the introduction of mandatory human rights and environmental…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Forum: Damage control or opportunity for change?
Event Date: 1st April 2020
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Damage control or opportunity for change?: Working with companies after the identification of human rights impacts Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event details As expectations on business to undertake human rights due diligence are mounting, companies, advisers and other…
Business and Human RightsEuropean Parliament in-depth analysis on Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection Legislation
1st April 2020
This In-Depth Analysis on "Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection Legislation", authored by Bert Keirsbilck, Evelyne Terryn, Anaïs Michel (KU Leuven) and Ivano Alogna (BIICL), was commissioned by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO), in order to provide the Members of the European Parliament with evidence and recommendations for the own-initiative report entitled "Towards a more sustainable…
Business and Human Rights+3Human Rights Due Diligence Forum Events
Last Updated: 5th March 2020
HRDD Forum Events Events and conferences The Forum is a membership-based group, bringing together some of the most expert and experienced lawyers working in the field. The Forum organises around 3-4 Roundtables a year involving thematic discussions on business and human rights related topics as they relate to legal practitioners. On occasion, external speakers may be invited to present on certain topics. In addition to the member-only events, there will be one public…
Business and Human RightsEuropean Commission study on due diligence in supply chains published
24th February 2020
Today a study for the European Commission by BIICL, Civic Consulting and LSE Consulting was published by the European Commission. The study focused on due diligence requirements to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for abuses of human rights, including the rights of the child and fundamental freedoms, serious bodily injury or health risks, environmental damage, including with respect to climate. Through desk research, country analyses, interviews and surveys the study identifies Market…
Business and Human RightsEuropean Commission study on due diligence in supply chains
24th February 2020
This study for the European Commission focuses on due diligence requirements to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for abuses of human rights, including the rights of the child and fundamental freedoms, serious bodily injury or health risks, environmental damage, including with respect to climate. The study was conducted by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (lead), Civic Consulting and LSE Consulting. Through desk research, country analyses, interviews…
Business and Human RightsA UK failure to prevent mechanism for corporate human rights harms: Is it legally feasible?
Event Date: 11th February 2020
EVENTS A UK failure to prevent mechanism for corporate human rights harms: Is it legally feasible? e? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by Event Details In March 2017, the UK Joint Committee on Human Rights released a report on business and human rights in which it proposed the introduction of a…
Business and Human RightsNew BIICL Report Looks at Preventing Human Rights Harms
11th February 2020
Report explores the legal feasibility of introducing a corporate duty to prevent human rights harms. Today BIICL in partnership with Hogan Lovells and Quinn Emmanuel launches a new report entitled 'A UK Failure to Prevent Mechanism for Corporate Human Rights Harms'. Key findings include: The majority of companies surveyed indicated that existing law does not provide business with sufficient legal certainty about which procedures are required to avoid legal risks for human rights abuses.…
Business and Human RightsA UK Failure to Prevent Mechanism for Corporate Human Rights Harms
11th February 2020
As developments around mandatory human rights due diligence laws are taking place rapidly across Europe, this report considers the legal feasibility of introducing into UK law a corporate duty to prevent human rights harms. In 2010, the UK Bribery Act introduced an offence if a company fails to prevent bribery. In 2017, the UK Joint Committee on Human Rights proposed that this model could be used for corporate human rights abuses. The report considers whether and how the legal elements…
Business and Human RightsShort Course: Business and Human Rights
Event Date: 3rd February 2020
EVENTS Short Course: Business and Human Rights Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Business and human rights is an area of international human rights law in continuous development at the international and national levels. On successful completion of BIICL's Business and Human…
Business and Human RightsHRDD Fourm: The interaction between investment disputes and human rights due diligence
Event Date: 4th December 2019
EVENTS HRDD Forum: The interaction between investment disputes and human rights due diligence Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Following recent regulatory decisions aimed at reaching climate change targets, states such as the Netherlands, Germany and the EU are facing investment…
Business and Human RightsBlog: The interaction between investment disputes and human rights due diligence
4th December 2019
On 4 December 2019, the newly-established Human Rights Due Diligence Forum of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law convened its first meeting. The topic was the interaction between investment disputes and human rights due diligence. The main focus of the meeting was on the implications of newly adopted or proposed laws on human rights due diligence. Such laws essentially place the responsibility of prevention of human rights violations on multinational enterprises,…
Business and Human Rights+1Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (November 2019)
Event Date: 28th November 2019
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Short Course Public International Law in Practice offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.…
Arbitration+6UNGPs in Legal Practice Roundtable Series: Human Rights Due Diligence and Corporate Liability
Event Date: 11th September 2019
EVENTS UNGPs in Legal Practice Roundtable Series: Human Rights Due Diligence and Corporate Liability Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details In the sixth roundtable of our UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in Legal Practice Roundtable series, we will explore the links between human rights due diligence…
Business and Human RightsBlog: Zuckerberg is right: third party standards must govern online speech
Lise Smit | 6th April 2019
While some lawmakers and privacy advocates have criticized Mark Zuckerberg's recent call for greater government oversight, deeming it PR-driven and self-serving, the proposal he outlined goes a long way toward reforming an issue of enormous significance in the tech space. He advocates for third-party content standards, which would sharply reduce Facebook and other companies' power to decide what constitutes protected speech.Freedom of speech, guaranteed under the First Amendment of the Constitution,…
Business and Human RightsOnline advertising, human rights and the Rule of Law (New York)
Event Date: 3rd April 2019
Time: 18.00-19.30 (Registration from 17.30) Venue: Cantor Boardroom 11-75, New York University Stern School of Business, Henry Kaufman Management Center (KMC), 44 West 4th Street, New York 10012 This discussion will consider the human rights implications of current online advertising practices, and how advertisers, internet platforms, and advertising companies can be expected to address these risks. Advertisers face potential reputational risks when brands are associated with hateful or harmful…
Business and Human RightsUK Business and Human Rights Scholars Network meeting
Event Date: 25th March 2019
Time: 12.00-17.30 (Registration from 11.30) Venue: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP UK Business and Human Rights' Scholars Network is a multi-disciplinary initiative led by the Essex Business and Human Rights Project. It brings together scholars interested in all areas of business and human rights from any discipline. The goal of the Network is to create space and opportunities for scholars researching, teaching and…
Business and Human RightsIs Corporate Accountability Possible in Capitalism?
Event Date: 25th March 2019
Time: 17.30 19.30 (Registration from 17.00) Venue: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP The speakers on the panel will discuss the demand for corporate accountability in a context where more and more areas of life are organised by, and mediated through corporations, for profit. This increased corporate presence has led to areas of friction where the demand for 'corporate accountability' seeks to address the balance between…
Business and Human RightsBlog: Access to Legal Remedies for Victims of Corporate Human Rights Abuses in Third Countries
1st March 2019
Ensuring effective access to legal remedies for victims of corporate human rights abuses in third countries is a key part of both the State's duty to protect human rights and the business responsibility to respect human rights, as recognised under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.A recent study by Axel Marx, Claire Bright and Jan Wouters was conducted for the European Parliament on "Access to legal remedies for victims of corporate human rights abuses". The study mapped…
Business and Human RightsBlog: Civil society and corporate lawyers should work together on human rights due diligence
30th January 2019
Current trends suggest the law could drive corporate action on human rights In the current legal framework, direct corporate legal obligations for human rights are rare. As a result, claimants and their legal representatives have found creative ways to bring human rights claims through other avenues such as tort, consumer claims and statutory provisions. However, we are seeing some examples of corporate legal obligations for human rights developing, centred around the standard of human rights…
Business and Human RightsThe UNGPs and Legal Accountability in Corporate Groups
Event Date: 29th January 2019
Time: 14.00-16.00 (Registration from 13.30) Venue: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP In the fourth roundtable of our UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in Legal Practice Roundtable series, we will explore various developments around corporate group liability for human rights impacts. We will consider attribution through the "identification" versus enterprise or "corporate culture" methods, how…
Business and Human RightsEuropean Commission study on due diligence in supply chains
Lise Smit | 1st January 2019
This study for the European Commission focuses on due diligence requirements to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for abuses of human rights, including the rights of the child and fundamental freedoms, serious bodily injury or health risks, environmental damage, including with respect to climate. The study was conducted by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (lead), Civic Consulting and LSE Consulting. Through desk research, country analyses, interviews…
Business and Human RightsBlog: Governments can help make business more diligent on human rights
18th December 2018
In the last few months, a host of new initiatives and regulations have been announced around mandatory transparency and mandatory due diligence for companies On 29 November 2018, the Australian Parliament approved the Modern Slavery Act, which will require companies headquartered or with operations in Australia to submit a 'Modern Slavery Statement'. By virtue of the AUD$100 million threshold, the Australian Act will apply to fewer companies than the UK Modern Slavery Act, but it imposes…
Business and Human RightsA "failure to prevent" adverse human rights impacts mechanism project
Lise Smit | 1st October 2018
In March 2017, the UK Joint Committee on Human Rights released a report on business and human rights in which it proposed the introduction of a "failure to prevent" mechanism for corporate human rights abuses. BIICL, with support from international law firms Hogan Lovells and Quinn Emanuel, conducted a study into the feasibility and options of such a "failure to prevent" mechanism. The study explored what such a mechanism could look like, whether it would be criminal…
Business and Human RightsWhen national law conflicts with international human rights standards
Lise Smit | 17th May 2018
The first research supported by the Bingham Centre's Business Network examines how companies can adhere to international human rights standards, as described in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, when faced with contradictory domestic laws or practices. The research brought together the international legal framework, existing guidance for specific issues or sectors, and practical examples for businesses. The research methodology included semi-structured conversations…
Business and Human RightsMaking sense of managing human rights issues in supply chains
1st January 2018
After a successful research project with Norton Rose Fulbright in 2016, entitled 'Exploring Human Rights Due Diligence', BIICL and Norton Rose Fulbright undertook a follow-up project in 2017/18, which analysed managing human rights issues in supply chains. As part of this project, BIICL and Norton Rose Fulbright co-hosted a session at the 2017 Annual UN Forum on Business and Human Rights in Geneva, with support from Hogan Lovells and Foley Hoag. The session focused on "Human rights remedies…
Business and Human RightsBIICL and PRI: Human Rights in Private Equity Investment
24th November 2017
BIICL and PRI Workshop on Human Rights in Private Equity: Information and Summary It is increasingly expected that human rights due diligence (HRDD) is undertaken by businesses, as per the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), OECD Guidelines for multinational enterprises, emerging laws such as the UK Modern Slavery Act and the French duty of vigilance law, and other proposed legislative reforms. According to the UNGPs, all business enterprises regardless of sector…
Business and Human RightsBIICL and PRI: Human Rights in Private Equity Investment
Lise Smit | 5th June 2017
It is increasingly expected that human rights due diligence (HRDD) is undertaken by businesses, as per the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), OECD Guidelines for multinational enterprises, emerging laws such as the UK Modern Slavery Act and the French duty of vigilance law, and other proposed legislative reforms. According to the UNGPs, all business enterprises regardless of sector have a responsibility to respect human rights, and to carry out necessary HRDD.…
Business and Human RightsWhen national law conflicts with international human rights standards
Lise Smit | 1st March 2017
BIICL recently completed a study for the Business Network on addressing conflicts between international human rights standards and national laws. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights expect companies to respect international human rights wherever they operate. However, questions often arise as to how businesses should adhere to international human rights standards when faced with contradictory national laws or practices. BIICL's research brings together the international…
Business and Human RightsBusiness and Human Rights Due Diligence in Supply Chains
Lise Smit | 1st March 2017
The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights were unanimously adopted by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011, and require all business enterprises to undertake human rights due diligence. Because of the limited information available about how companies are going about to conduct human rights due diligence BIICL and the global law firm Norton Rose Fulbright are working together to research this important area. Share LinksProject - Tags Human Rights Due…
Business and Human Rights