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Lise Smit
Senior Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights and Director, Human Rights Due Diligence Forum
Biography Lise Smit is Senior Research Fellow in Business and Human Rights, and joined BIICL in March 2015. She conducts research on corporate human rights due diligence and other aspects of implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Prior to joining the Institute, Lise was a practicing advocate at the Cape Town Bar in South Africa. She has worked on business and human rights issues for the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre and the UN Global Compact Office.…
Business and Human Rights+1Irene Pietropaoli
Research Leader in Business & Human Rights
Biography Dr Irene Pietropaoli is a Research Leader in Business and Human Rights and joined BIICL in October 2018. She conducts research on corporate human rights due diligence, other aspects of implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights, and legislation on modern slavery in supply chain. Irene is also leading BIICL's work on Artificial Intelligence and its links with business and human rights. Prior to joining BIICL, Irene worked with international organisations…
AI and Data Worlds+2Lucy Moxham
Senior Research Fellow in the Rule of Law and Director of the Government and Rule of Law programme
Biography Lucy Moxham joined the Bingham Centre in January 2012 as a Research Fellow in the Rule of Law. She holds a MA Law Degree (first class honours) from the University of Cambridge and a BCL Master's Degree from the University of Oxford, where she focused on human rights law and international development. Lucy completed the Legal Practice Course at Nottingham Law School and a two-year training contract at Clifford Chance LLP, including time on secondment to the human rights organisation…
European Law+2Noemi Magugliani
Research Fellow in Anti-trafficking Law and Policy
Biography Dr. Noemi Magugliani is a Research Fellow in Anti-trafficking Law and Policy at BIICL. Noemi holds a PhD in Law from the National University of Ireland Galway, where they conducted research that focussed on trafficked adult men, gendered constructions of vulnerability, and access to protection. Noemi also holds an LLM in International Human Rights Law and Policy from University College Cork and a BA in International Relations from the University of Milan. Beyond their work at the…
Human Rights and IHL+2Kristin Hausler
Dorset Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law and Director, Centre for International Law
Biography Kristin Hausler is the Dorset Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law and Director of the Centre for International Law. Since joining the Institute in 2007, she has developed and led several research projects advising governments, international organisations and non-governmental organisations on international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law. Her most recent projects focused on cultural heritage and education, in particular…
Centre for International law+3Jean-Pierre Gauci
Arthur Watts Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law and Director of Teaching and Training
Biography Dr. Jean-Pierre Gauci is Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law and Director of Teaching and Training at BIICL. Recruited in 2014 as a research coordinator for the British Influences on International Law Project, his role was extended to that of research fellow in August 2015 and associate senior research fellow in 2017. Jean-Pierre holds a PhD in Law from King's College London with research that focused on trafficking based asylum claims. He also holds a Doctor of Laws…
Climate Change+5Rosana Garciandia
Research Fellow in Labour Exploitation and Human Rights
Biography Dr Rosana Garciandia is Research Fellow in Labour Exploitation and Human Rights at BIICL. She conducts research on the international law response to human rights challenges, including labour exploitation and all contemporary forms of slavery. Her focus is on the responsibility of States and businesses, and on the potential of existing human rights mechanisms to protect victims from abuses. Rosana is also a Visiting Lecturer in Public International Law at King's College London. Prior…
Human Rights and IHL+2Berenika Drazewska
Dorset Researcher in Public International Law
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Cultural Heritage+2Ivano Alogna
Arthur Watts Research Fellow in Environmental and Climate Change Law
Biography Ivano Alogna is Arthur Watts Research Fellow in Environmental and Climate Change Law at BIICL. He is also PhD candidate at the Sorbonne Law School, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, in Paris. He has been appointed General Rapporteur of the Project "Global Pact for the Environment" (UN General Assembly resolutions 72/277 of 10.05.2018 and 73/333 of 5.09.2019, globalpactenvironment.org), coordinated by the French Constitutional Council and the Club des Juristes. He is member…
Climate Change+3Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 7th October 2021
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The Public International Law in Practice course offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The programme focuses…
Business and Human Rights+9Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law
Event Date: 4th October 2021
EVENTS Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: Event Details The possibility to complain about the violation of human rights before a supra-national body is an essential element towards the effective implementation of international human rights…
Courts and Tribunals+2State responsibility: Where are we and where to next?
Event Date: 30th September 2021
EVENTS State responsibility: Where are we and where to next? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: Event Details It has been 20 years since the International Law Commission completed its work on state responsibility, culminating in the United Nations General Assembly deciding to take note of the…
Arbitration+3Annual Grotius Lecture 2021: What is to become of the UN Human Rights Treaty Body system?
Event Date: 28th September 2021
EVENTS Annual Grotius Lecture 2021: What is to become of the UN Human Rights Treaty Body system? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The UN human rights treaty system has grown piecemeal over many years. For over 20 years it has been the focus of many 'reform' or 'strengthening' processes,…
Human Rights and IHLHRDD Forum: Covid-19 and Value Chains: Three recent studies
Event Date: 9th September 2021
EVENTS HRDD Forum: Covid-19 and Value Chains: Three recent studies Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details At this thematic session, speakers will present their recent findings on the impact of Covid-19 in value chains, all the way from the agricultural fields, through the garment supply…
Business and Human Rights+4The Non-Punishment Principle in Trafficking In Persons
Jean-Pierre Gauci | 2nd July 2021
BIICL is delighted to be working with the International Bar Association (IBA) on a new research project on the application of the non-punishment principle in law and practice across different jurisdictions. The overall goal of the project is to provide concrete recommendations towards improving the legislative provision and practical implementation of the non-punishment principle. The project will also develop a pilot multi-disciplinary program to build the capacity of lawyers…
Human Rights and IHL+2Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law
Event Date: 30th June 2021
EVENTS Inter-State Complaints in International Human Rights Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The possibility to complain about the violation of human rights before a supra-national body is an essential element towards the effective implementation of international human rights law. Beyond…
Business and Human Rights+9Inclusivity and the law: do we need to prohibit class discrimination?
29th June 2021
Abstract This article argues that national, regional and international human rights and equality laws have proven insufficient protection against discrimination on the basis of class, birth and social origin. It demonstrates that class is still an important area of discrimination, but that class remains largely invisible to law. It provides evidence that class discrimination is no more difficult to define than disability, gender, and age and the other forms of prohibited discriminations.…
Human Rights and IHLHuman Rights Responsibilities of Multi-National Enterprises Working in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Cuba
Jean-Pierre Gauci | 15th June 2021
Companies, including foreign companies, operating in the tourism and hospitality sector in Cuba have the responsibility to respect the human rights of workers. This includes the duty to set up policies and due diligence processes to assess the risk of labour exploitation in their supply chains, to identify exploitation cases, and to take steps to ensure access to remedy for those workers whose rights may have been abused. States where those companies are domiciled also have obligations…
Business and Human Rights+2When Private Vessels Rescue Migrants and Refugees
10th June 2021
Policy Notes Theme 6: Advocating for improved protection responses When Private Vessels Rescue Migrants and Refugees A Roadmap for Advocacy, Policy Development, and Programming Protection in Mixed Movements along the Central and Western Mediterranean Routes 2021 is an edited volume that presents key recommendations from more than 40 researchers, protection actors, policy-makers and people with a displacement experience from North, West, East and the Horn of Africa as well as Europe…
Human Rights and IHL+1International Criminal Responsibility: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Event Date: 12th May 2021
EVENTS International Criminal Responsibility: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This webinar will focus on individual criminal responsibility in international law, including the interpretation of the intricacies of Article 25 of the…
Courts and Tribunals+2Class, Intersectionality, the Right to Housing and the Avoidable Tragedy of Grenfell
5th May 2021
The avoidable tragedy of Grenfell Tower starkly raises the issues of class and intersectionality, an area which has, until now, received insufficient analysis. This chapter excavates, inter alia, three issues surrounding class, intersectionality and the Grenfell Tower tragedy: the nature of class as a concept; its implications in constituting a ground of discrimination under the Equality Act 2010; and its relationship with intersectionality. The reasons behind the insufficient attention…
Comparative Law+5EU Pact on Migration and Asylum: Conversation with European Commission Vice President Schinas
Event Date: 22nd April 2021
EVENTS EU Pact on Migration and Asylum: Conversation with European Commission Vice President Schinas Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Image courtesy of European Parliament Event Details This event will involve a conversation between Margaritis Schinas, Vice-President for Promoting our European…
European Law+2Latest Developments in the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Law
Event Date: 15th March 2021
EVENTS Latest Developments in the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The question of whether and to what extent human rights obligations apply extraterritorially, notably in situations of armed conflict, continues to be hugely contested.…
Courts and Tribunals+1Power and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Event Date: 24th February 2021
EVENTS Power and the COVID-19 Pandemic Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Hosted by the Verfassungsblog and supported by Democracy Reporting International, RECONNECT and the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law Event Details One year on how has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the law and the way…
COVID-19+2Civil Remedies and Human Rights in Flux
21st January 2021
On 22-26 October 2020, the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights (Faculty of Law, University of Oxford) hosted an online roundtable to discuss challenges and opportunities for using civil claims against state and non-state actors as a mechanism for human rights accountability ("Roundtable"). This Roundtable was part of the research project funded by the Oak Foundation to conduct a comparative study of civil liability for human rights violations across several jurisdictions in the Global…
Business and Human Rights+1Harry Weinrebe Memorial Lecture: Inclusivity and the Law
Event Date: 10th December 2020
EVENTS Annual Harry Weinrebe Memorial Lecture: Inclusivity and the Law: Do We Need to Prohibit Class Discrimination? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This year, the Harry Weinrebe Memorial Lecture will celebrate Human Rights Day by highlighting the key cross-cutting human right:…
Courts and Tribunals+2National implementation of human rights: Global survey of State implementation systems and processes
8th December 2020
New study into implementation of human rights commitments It was announced today that The Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law, at BIICL, the Universal Rights Group, the University of Bristol and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer are starting a new project to conduct, for the first time, a global survey to understand the systems and processes that States have put in place to implement their international human rights commitments. The project will focus on decisions and recommendations emanating…
Human Rights and IHL+1Reviewing the Review: What Needs to Change at the International Criminal Court?
2nd December 2020
On the 20th of November 2020, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) hosted a webinar titled: 'Reviewing the Review: What Needs to Change at the International Criminal Court?'. Chaired by Shehzad Charania MBE, the webinar examined the Independent Expert Review (IER) of the International Criminal Court (ICC), a review which had been commissioned by the ICC Assembly of States Parties (ASP) and which submitted its report on the 30th of September 2020. The overall mandate…
Courts and Tribunals+2Reviewing the Review: What Needs to Change at the International Criminal Court?
Event Date: 20th November 2020
EVENTS Reviewing the Review: What Needs to Change at the International Criminal Court? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details On 30 September 2020, the Independent Expert Review (IER) of the International Criminal Court submitted its final report assessing the work of the Court, a review which had…
Courts and Tribunals+2Human Rights and Small States: Challenges, Resilience, and Advocacy
Event Date: 12th November 2020
EVENTS Human Rights and Small States: Challenges, Resilience, and Advocacy Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event partners Event Details Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, the Institute of Small and Micro States(ISMS), and BIICL will host a two-day conference on human rights as…
Climate Change+2The UK, European Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Seventy Years of the ECHR and Twenty Years of the HRA - A Time for Celebration?
Event Date: 11th November 2020
WEBINAR The UK, European Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Seventy Years of the ECHR and Twenty Years of the HRA - A Time for Celebration? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised with Event Details This webinar is being held to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the European Convention on Human…
Courts and Tribunals+3Trade, Tech, and Artificial Intelligence: Exporting British Values?
Event Date: 15th October 2020
EVENTS Trade, Tech, and Artificial Intelligence: Exporting British Values? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Organised in conjunction with Event details The UK industrial strategy sets out grand challenges to put UK business at the forefront of the industries of the future. It has set Artificial Intelligence…
AI and Data Worlds+2Short Course: Public International Law in Practice
Event Date: 22nd September 2020
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event details Short Course Public International Law in Practice offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The…
Arbitration+5Peace Day 2020 Live Global Digital Experience
Event Date: 21st September 2020
ONLINE Peace One Day Live Global Digital Experience Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Supported by The Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law Event Details This full-day online experience celebrating peace will be a global event, bringing together artists, thought leaders and international speakers.…
Human Rights and IHL+1Protecting Education in Conflict
Event Date: 20th July 2020
EVENTS Protecting Education in Conflict Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Education is not only an important end in itself; it enables access to other human rights, to meaningful participation in society, and to the promotion of universal respect for the dignity of all. This is…
Human Rights and IHL+1Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage
Event Date: 16th July 2020
EVENTS: Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Watch the recording Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage Event Details On the 7th of June 2020, the statue of Edward Colston,…
Cultural Heritage+1Human Trafficking and COVID-19: What Next?
Event Date: 14th July 2020
WEBINAR Human Trafficking and COVID-19: What Next? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location 140720 recording of Human Trafficking and COVID-19: What Next? Event Details COVID-19 has impacted all areas of life and human trafficking is no exception. Early research and data indicate that COVID has a strong…
COVID-19+2The Ratline: on international crimes and justice
Event Date: 9th June 2020
WEBINAR The Ratline: on international crimes and justice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Recording of the webinar Recording: The Ratline: on international crimes and justice Event Details Rebecca Abrams talks to Philippe Sands, author of The Ratline With the publication of Philippe…
Courts and Tribunals+2European Parliament in-depth analysis on Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection Legislation
Ivano Alogna | 1st April 2020
This In-Depth Analysis on "Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection Legislation", authored by Bert Keirsbilck, Evelyne Terryn, Anaïs Michel (KU Leuven) and Ivano Alogna (BIICL), was commissioned by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO), in order to provide the Members of the European Parliament with evidence and recommendations for the own-initiative report entitled "Towards a more sustainable…
Climate Change+2Law, Culture and Human Rights in Asia and the Middle East
Event Date: 14th February 2020
EVENTS Law, Culture and Human Rights in Asia and the Middle East Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised by Event Details The 4th Annual International Conference of the Asian Yearbook on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, jointly organised by the British Institute for International and Comparative…
Cultural Heritage+1New Publication: Protecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict
27th January 2020
Today we are pleased to announce the release of the second edition of Protecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict: An International Law Handbook. The publication is the result of the collaborative project between BIICL and Education Above All Foundation (EAA) through its Protect Education in Insecurity and Conflict (PEIC) programme. The second edition, fully updated with the recent legal developments and relevant case-law, provides a comprehensive overview of current…
Human Rights and IHLProtecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict: An International Law Handbook (Second Edition).
27th January 2020
Protecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict: An International Law Handbook (Second Edition). This Handbook is a practical and comprehensive guide to the relevant provisions of international law that protect education in situations of insecurity and armed conflict. Published in January 2020 this is the Second Edition of the Handbook, with the first one having been published in 2012. The Handbook was authored by BIICL, in cooperation with Protect Education in Insecurity…
Centre for International law+1Short Course: Public International Law in Practice (November 2019)
Event Date: 28th November 2019
EVENTS Short Course: Public International Law in Practice Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Short Course Public International Law in Practice offers a dynamic introduction into applied public international law from the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.…
Arbitration+6Determinants of Anti-Trafficking Efforts
Jean-Pierre Gauci | 1st October 2019
BIICL is delighted to be undertaking a large scale project on determinants of anti-trafficking policies around the world. The overall goal of the project is to improve national governments' anti-trafficking efforts. It will assess the links and sequencing of specific factors that have yielded improved political will and capacity in national governments to address trafficking in persons and which have led to sustained and comprehensive anti-trafficking efforts. Through a multi-pronged…
Human Rights and IHL+1The EU Engagement in International Migration Policies
1st September 2019
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and International Organization for Migration (IOM): The EU Engagement in International Migration Policies' Book chapter in R Wessel and J Odermatt, Research Handbook on the European Union and International Organizations (Edgar Elgar 2019) Over the years, the European Union has developed relationships with other international institutions, mainly as a result of its increasingly active role as a global actor and the transfer of competences…
European Law+2Prime Minister announces new Modern Slavery Centre to be led by the Bingham Centre
9th July 2019
Prime Minister announces new Modern Slavery Centre to be led by the Bingham Centre The Prime Minister has today announced the investment of £10 million of public funding from UK Research and Innovation's Strategic Priorities Fund to create an ambitious new Policy and Evidence Centre on Modern Slavery and Human Rights. The Centre's job will be to bring about a step change in our understanding of modern slavery and to transform the effectiveness of the legal and policy framework which is designed…
Human Rights and IHLAnnual Grotius Lecture 2019
Event Date: 12th June 2019
Time: 17.30-19.00 (registration from 17.00) Event followed by a drinks reception Venue: Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, London, EC2R 78AH. Sponsored by: THIS EVENT IS NOW FULLY BOOKED 2019 marks centenary of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, which paved the way for women to become lawyers for the first time. It is, therefore, fitting that this year's lecture is entitled "Women's Rights Worldwide" and will be delivered by Baroness Hale of Richmond, the current - and first woman…
Human Rights and IHL+1Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law invite submissions
10th June 2019
Today BIICL announces a call for submissions to the Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (AYBHRHL) volume V to be published in 2021 on the subject of Culture and Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Middle East, addressing culture and cultural heritage in times of peace and armed conflicts in the region. The authors of papers being included in the yearbook will be invited to be present their paper at the 2020 conference to be held on 14th February 2020. More details about the conference…
Human Rights and IHLMedia Professionals and International Humanitarian Law
11th November 2018
In November 2018 the British Red Cross launched the field guide and handbook Media Professionals and Armed Conflict: Protection and Responsibilities Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL) these publications will provide information to members of the media about their legal position under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The handbook and field guide were the result of a project begun in September 2012, by BIICL and commissioned by the British Red Cross, undertaking research into…
Human Rights and IHLMedia Professionals and Armed Conflict Handbook and Field Guide
11th November 2018
In November 2018 the British Red Cross launched the field guide and handbook Media Professionals and Armed Conflict: Protection and Responsibilities Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL) These publications provide information to members of the media about their legal position under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The handbook and field guide were the result of a project begun in September 2012, by BIICL and commissioned by the British Red Cross, undertaking research into…
Human Rights and IHLCulture under fire: armed non-state actors and cultural heritage in wartime
25th October 2018
Culture under fire: armed non-state actors and cultural heritage in wartime This report presents the findings of a pioneering, twoyear study conducted by Geneva Call on cultural heritage and armed non-State actors (ANSAs). It represents the most comprehensive research available on this topic to date. The report centres around three case studies—Iraq, Mali and Syria—and is based on information obtained through desk and field research, as well as interviews with leading specialized…
Cultural Heritage+1Cultural Heritage and the Security Council: Why Resolution 2347 matters
31st March 2018
Blog: Cultural Heritage and the Security Council: Why Resolution 2347 matters This piece considers how the UN Security Council gradually established cultural heritage protection as a key element in the maintenance of international peace and security, including through its combat against terrorism financing. Considering the wider context of escalated attacks against cultural heritage in armed conflict, it analyses Resolution 2347 in parallel with other key documents adopted…
Cultural Heritage+1Blog: Attacks on Schools: What about International Law?
3rd August 2014
On 30 July, a school operated by a UN agency in the Jabalia refugee camp, north of Gaza City, was shelled by the Israeli army, killing at least 16 people and injuring more than 100.On 3 August, the Israeli army bombed another Gaza school run by the UN, this time in Rafah, where over 2,000 displaced Palestinians were sheltering. This attack reportedly killed at least 10 individuals. There have also been reports that Hamas has been storing weapons in schools. Can attacks on schools, teachers…
Human Rights and IHLProtecting Education
Kristin Hausler | 1st November 2013
International Law Handbook In January 2020, BIICL published Protecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict: An International Law Handbook (Second Edition).This Handbook is a practical and comprehensive guide to the relevant provisions of international law that protect education in situations of insecurity and armed conflict. This is the Second Edition of the Handbook, with the first one having been published in 2012. The Handbook was authored by BIICL, in cooperation with Protect Education…
Human Rights and IHLBuilding Peace in Post-Conflict Situations
How can peace be effectively achieved after conflict? Experts from academia and practice explore in this book examples of post-conflict resolution and its history as well as issues pertaining to different mechanisms to achieve national reconciliation whether via courts, truth and reconciliation commissions and international prosecution. In the first section of this book, 'beyond the courts' mechanisms are analysed: apologies, truth and reconciliation commissions, and amnesties. The case studies…
European Law+1Criminal Law & the Rights of the Child in Muslim States
Authors: Nisrine Abiad and Farkhanda Mansoor Published: 2010 ISBN: 978-1-905221-45-5 Cover: Paperback Pages: 385 Through analysis of legislative and judicial actions in a selection of Muslim and non-Muslim States in relation to the rights of the child in criminal matters, this study aims to identify possible harmonization between the obligations of the international human rights law (e.g. the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) and the criminal justice systems within each State, particularly…
Human Rights and IHL+1Constitutional Human Rights in Commonwealth
Editors: Michael Anderson and Matthew Happold Published: January 2003 ISBN-10: 0-903067-91-9 Cover: Paperback Pages: 256 Nearly one third of humanity, or 1,900 million people, reside in the 54 states of the Commonwealth. Whether the individual members of this huge population, living in diverse economic and cultural circumstances, are able to conduct fulfilling lives free from oppression depends in no small part upon the systems for protecting human rights in those jurisdictions. While the record…
Human Rights and IHL+1Aspects Incorporating ECHR into Domestic Law
Published: January 1993 ISBN-10: 0-903067-38-2 Cover: Paperback Pages: 125 The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was signed in 1950 and came into force in 1953. It is based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948. The Convention was prepared by the Council of Europe: its aim was, and remains, to protect and enforce the human rights upon which depend the fundamental freedoms "which are…
European Law+1