1. Causes of Action

6. HURDLES AND CHALLENGES

Rather than hurdles and challenges, the reason that only few corporate climate cases based on fraud laws have so far been filed can be led back to the fact that fraud laws might not be a separate cause of action but are encompassed by causes of action based on tort law. For example, in the case-study countries such as Germany, Japan, and Poland, liability for fraud can fall under provisions of tort law (see Country Analysis).