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Jack Kenny
Research Leader in International Law
Biography Jack is a Research Leader in International Law at BIICL and a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His DPhil thesis at the University of Oxford, The Principle of Sovereignty and State Cyber Operations, was supervised by Professor Catherine Redgwell and Dr. Efthymios Papastavridis and supported by UKRI funding. In addition to his doctorate, he holds an LL.B degree in Law with European Study and an LL.M degree in International and European Law. Jack…
Cultural Heritage+2Alina Holzhausen
Research Fellow in Public International Law and Climate Change
Biography Dr Alina Holzhausen is a Research Fellow in Public International Law and Climate Change as well as a member of the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) Committee at BIICL. Her main research fields include climate change law, international environmental law, human rights law, cultural heritage law, and public international law. She is particularly interested in the climate change and human rights- as well as climate change and cultural heritage nexus, including associated topics.…
Climate Change+2Kristin Hausler
Dorset Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law and Director, Centre for International Law
Biography Kristin Hausler, Dorset Senior Fellow, is the Director of the Centre for International Law. Since joining the Institute in 2007, she has developed and led several research projects on human rights, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law, areas in which she also provides training at the Institute. Her expertise lies in cultural heritage and she is currently leading a project on the restitution of cultural objects. Recently, she completed a project analysing…
Centre for International Law+5Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law
Event Date: 25th September 2025
EVENTS Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including trafficking,…
Cultural Heritage+1Beyond the spotlight: A need for regulating community-led object repatriation?
17th February 2025
Many cultural institutions and heritage professionals have recently advocated for a more inclusive approach to the repatriation of cultural artifacts, highlighted in the 2022 UNESCO MONDIACULT Declaration that was discussed in a previous blog post. However, challenges persist, particularly when considering how repatriation has been historically used to strengthen national cultural identities, as seen in the case of the Diponegoro kris. When repatriation has been largely framed within nation-state…
Cultural HeritageShort Course: International Cultural Heritage Law
Event Date: 23rd September 2024
TRAINING Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Details This course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including trafficking,…
Cultural Heritage+1From Spoliated Art Restitution to Colonial Loot Repatriation: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward
Event Date: 21st May 2024
EVENTS From Spoliated Art Restitution to Colonial Loot Repatriation: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This event will explore the challenges associated with the claims for the restitution of cultural heritage. Drawing from claims concerned with Nazi-looted…
Cultural Heritage+1BIICL participate in UNESCO International Conference
17th May 2024
BIICL join the UNESCO International Conference in the Hague This week the Institute's Dorset Senior Fellow and Director of the Centre for International Law, Kristin Hausler, took part in the UNESCO International Conference 'Cultural Heritage and Peace: Building on 70 years of The Hague Convention', which was hosted by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in The Hague from the 13th to the 15th of May. The Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in situations of armed conflict was…
Cultural HeritageCultural Heritage & Climate Change in the Pacific Region
Event Date: 13th November 2023
EVENTS Cultural Heritage & Climate Change in the Pacific Region Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (Australia) is pleased to host a webinar in cooperation with the Institute of Small and Micro States (ISMS) and the British Institute for International…
Climate Change+2Short Course: International Cultural Heritage
Last Updated: 1st November 2023
Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Share LinksCourse Outline This course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including trafficking, armed conflicts, and development. In doing so, it will also cover international instruments that have been adopted over the past decades to protect cultural heritage. Finally, the course will conclude with…
Cultural Heritage+1Individual Reparations for Human Rights Violations in Ukraine
13th October 2023
Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula and aggression in Ukraine's eastern Donbas provinces that led to the establishment of non-recognised entities (the so-called "Donetsk/Luhansk People's Republics") in 2014 resulted in a significant deterioration in the human rights situation within these territories. The armed conflict has had wider human rights, economy and security repercussions for Ukraine and the region. Russia has also labelled the treatment of ethnic Russians and…
Cultural Heritage+4Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law
Event Date: 22nd September 2023
TRAINING Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline This course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including…
Cultural Heritage+1Safeguarding South Pacific Islanders' Cultural Heritage: Another Tool to Strengthen Climate Resilience?
14th September 2023
Climate change impacts such as sea level rise and extreme weather events are threatening the lives, livelihoods, and cultures of millions worldwide. Low-lying Island States, which are affected by rising seas to such an extent that they even face the complete disappearance of their islands, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In the South Pacific, which represents a culturally rich and diverse region, the change in weather patterns poses a particularly high threat to Islanders' cultural…
Climate Change+1New report on Intangible Cultural Heritage & Climate Change
7th September 2023
We are delighted to announce the publication of our research on Intangible Cultural Heritage within the Laws and Policies of South Pacific Small Island States in the Climate Crisis: Towards a More Resilient and Inclusive Approach. The project focused on strengthening climate resilience through the safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) within the laws and policies of Pacific small island States. Intangible cultural heritage is recognised as a tool to support climate change mitigation…
Climate Change+1Intangible Cultural Heritage within the Laws and Policies of South Pacific Small Island States in the Climate Crisis
6th September 2023
Kristin Hausler, Alina Holzhausen and Berenika Drazewska have completed a major research project, jointly with Professor Petra Butler, Victoria University of Wellington and Director of the Institute of Small and Micro States (ISMS) and BIICL Honorary fellow, and Eva U Wagner, Senior Programme Coordinator Rule of Law and Development Policy, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS). The project focused on strengthening climate resilience through the safeguarding of Intangible…
Climate Change+2Beyond Restitution: What happens to cultural objects after their return?
Event Date: 3rd July 2023
EVENTS Beyond Restitution: What happens to cultural objects after their return? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This hybrid event will present some of the key findings of our project entitled 'Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Their Repatriation',…
Cultural HeritageCaring for a national hero’s weapon: Object restitution in the Indonesian (legal) context
16th June 2023
On March 10, 2020, the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, welcomed King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima of the Netherlands in one of the presidential palaces, the Bogor Palace, in West Java. In front of the invited journalists, they admired a special kris—the traditional weapon with a wavy blade from Java, Indonesia—inside a glass case. Even though the kris has specks of gold coating, it is not the artistic ornament that makes it highly valuable. This particular kris, named Kyai Nogo…
Cultural HeritageIndividual Reparations for Human Rights Violations in Ukraine (Hybrid)
Event Date: 15th June 2023
EVENTS Individual Reparations for Human Rights Violations in Ukraine (Hybrid) Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details The annexation of Crimea and Russia's aggression in Donbas that led to the establishment of non-recognised entities (so-called "Donetsk/Lugansk people's republics") in…
Cultural Heritage+4Kathmandu Valley and the Management of Living Heritage Sites a Shifting Approach
30th May 2023
An earlier blog discussed recent developments regarding heritage restitution in Nepal, where returned objects are increasingly finding their way back to the communities, where they can be worshipped. This does not mean that Nepal is not facing the challenges of possible new theft, or that (some) conservators are not torn between their own faith and their professional knowledge that worshipping may deteriorate the stone idols. This blog takes a broader perspective on the issue and looks…
Cultural HeritageOn International Museum Day: A Call to Increase Funding for Return & Restitution
18th May 2023
Today, the 18th of May, is International Museum Day. This year, the focus is on sustainability and wellbeing, a theme reflective of the new definition for 'museum' adopted in 2022 by the International Council of Museums (ICOM), which reads as follows: 'a not-for-profit, permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to the public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and…
Cultural HeritageContribution to European Parliament Report
22nd March 2023
Protecting cultural heritage from armed conflicts in Ukraine and beyond Today, the European Parliament published a Report on Protecting cultural heritage from armed conflicts in Ukraine and beyond for which many stakeholders were interviewed to identify good practices and gaps in the ways cultural heritage is being protected in Ukraine. In addition to detailing the legal and policy frameworks applicable to the protection of cultural heritage from the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine,…
Cultural Heritage+1Small States Conference
Last Updated: 23rd January 2023
Small States Conference Learn more about our Small States event series Share LinksBIICL engages in various pieces of work of direct or indirect relevance to Small States. In particular, BIICL, working with the Institute of Small and Microstates co-convenes annual conferences on small states and various international law issues. In 2022, the seventh edition of the conference was held. BIICL and ISMS signed a memorandum of understanding in 2019. Beyond…
Cultural Heritage+3Cultural Heritage Governance: Who Should Participate?
Event Date: 13th December 2022
EVENTS Cultural Heritage Governance: Who Should Participate? Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Event Details This year, the International Law Association adopted recommendations pertaining to Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance. This was the culmination of four years of work led by Dr Jakubowski…
Cultural Heritage+1Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law
Event Date: 14th November 2022
TRAINING Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline This Course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including trafficking, armed…
Cultural Heritage+1The 2022 UNESCO MONDIACULT Declaration: Anything New for Restitution?
10th October 2022
Picture: People worshipping at Angkor Wat, Cambodia, taken as part of our ongoing Leverhulme project At the end of September 2022, delegates from 150 countries gathered at the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development - MONDIACULT 2022 - in Mexico City. There, a Declaration for Culture (the 'Declaration') was adopted by the Ministers of Culture of the Member States of UNESCO, which established culture as a 'global public good', a term which emphasizes…
Cultural HeritageReturning stolen idols to the community: A challenge for heritage law
13th July 2022
When artifacts that unlawfully ended up in foreign collections are returned to their source country, they often end up in a major museum, removed from the communities where they originated from. The Leverhulme-funded Beyond Restitution project has looked at how Nepal is choosing a very different approach: one in which the museums are happy to empty their storages by returning idols to their communities of origin. By doing so, the Nepalese authorities have started implementing a specific…
Cultural HeritageThe Role of Cultural Heritage in Strengthening Climate Resilience
Kristin Hausler | 6th June 2022
Kristin Hausler, Alina Holzhausen and Berenika Drazewska have completed a major research project, jointly with Professor Petra Butler, Victoria University of Wellington and Director of the Institute of Small and Micro States (ISMS) and BIICL Honorary fellow, and Eva U Wagner, Senior Programme Coordinator Rule of Law and Development Policy, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS). The project focused on strengthening climate resilience through the safeguarding of Intangible…
Climate Change+2Destruction of Ukrainian cultural heritage vis-a-vis military necessity and lasting peace
21st March 2022
Almost four weeks into the Russian invasion, important Ukrainian heritage sites have suffered destruction or damage, including the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre and the Philharmonic in Kharkiv, as well as the museum of local history in Ivankiv, where the losses have included works by the celebrated Ukrainian folk artist, Maria Prymachenko. Plenty more is at risk, including Ukraine's seven World Heritage Sites designated pursuant to the World Heritage Convention (1972) and…
Cultural Heritage+2How does international law protect Ukrainian cultural heritage in war? Is it protected differently than other civilian objects?
10th March 2022
In line with the principle of distinction, the cornerstone of international humanitarian law, attacks may only be directed against military objectives; thus, in principle, all civilian objects enjoy protection during hostilities. Objects and sites of cultural, religious or historical importance benefit from additional protection on the basis of treaty and customary international law. While the Geneva Conventions of 1949 do not include a specific provision for cultural property, Article 53 of…
Cultural Heritage+1Culture, Art, Cultural Identity and Small States
Event Date: 17th November 2021
EVENTS Culture, Art, Cultural Identity and Small States Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Organised by Conference Outline Small states are not just small versions of large states-they are culturally and politically different from large ones. Small states have an astonishing cultural diversity and often develop…
Centre for International Law+2Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law
Event Date: 8th November 2021
EVENTS Short Course: International Cultural Heritage Law Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Course Outline This Course will offer an introduction to cultural heritage as an international legal concept. It will include discussions of the key threats to cultural heritage at present, including…
Cultural Heritage+1The Role of Multilateral Development Banks in the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage
21st October 2021
On 21 October 2020, BIICL published a Working Paper on the role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, in line with sustainable development. Beyond considering the main international legal and policy instruments relevant to the protection of ICH in the context of infrastructure construction projects, this Working Paper undertakes a comparative analysis of of the sustainability policies of seven leading MDBs and an examination…
Cultural HeritageBIICL comments on Draft Policy on cultural heritage of the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC
27th April 2021
Comments Submitted on the Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage of the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court On 16 April 2021, a diverse group of experts, including practicing attorneys, law professors and scholars, archaeologists, and other professionals with extensive expertise and experience in cultural heritage law, ICL and IHL submitted comments to the ICC Office of the Prosecutor's Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage. In summary, the Comments emphasized the importance…
Cultural HeritageBeyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Their Repatriation
Kristin Hausler | 10th February 2021
BIICL is currently undertaking a project entitled 'Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Their Repatriation', which seeks to offer a longer-term view on restitution through an analysis of past experiences. Whilst so far research has focused on the legal framework applicable to de-accessioning museum objects and the processes adopted to address restitution claims, this project studies the impact of restitution once objects have changed hands. Therefore, it seeks…
Cultural HeritageBIICL Undertakes New Project on the Restitution of Cultural Objects
1st February 2021
BIICL is undertaking a project 'Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Their Repatriation', which will seek to offer a longer-term view on restitution through an analysis of past experiences. Whilst so far research has focused on the legal framework applicable to de-accessioning museum objects and the processes adopted to address restitution claims, this project will study the impact of restitution once objects have changed hands. Therefore, it will seek to inform…
Centre for International Law+1Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage
Event Date: 16th July 2020
EVENTS: Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Watch the recording Toppled Statues and Monuments: Perspectives on the Global Movement Confronting Heritage Event Details On the 7th of June 2020, the statue of Edward Colston,…
Cultural Heritage+1Law, Culture and Human Rights in Asia and the Middle East
Event Date: 14th February 2020
EVENTS Law, Culture and Human Rights in Asia and the Middle East Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Co-organised by Event Details The 4th Annual International Conference of the Asian Yearbook on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, jointly organised by the British Institute for International and Comparative…
Cultural Heritage+1Bilingualism in law in practice: the experience of Belarus and the United Kingdom
Event Date: 15th January 2020
EVENTS Bilingualism in law in practice: the experience of Belarus and the United Kingdom Event - Tags Share Links Event - Timings and Location Sponsored by: The British Embassy in Minsk Co-organised in partnership with: The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Event details Both the United Kingdom and Belarus have more than…
Cultural HeritageNew workshop report: The Human Right to Access and Enjoy Cultural Heritage in the United Kingdom
10th September 2019
On the 31st of May 2018, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law hosted a workshop on the human right to access to, and enjoyment of, cultural heritage in the United Kingdom (UK), which was moderated by Kristin Hausler (Dorset Senior Fellow). This workshop was organised as part of HEURIGHT, a research project on Cultural Heritage in the European Union, in relation to which an edited volume was published by Brill Nijhoff in 2019. While there is no right to cultural…
Cultural HeritageThe Human Right to Access and Enjoy Cultural Heritage in the United Kingdom
10th September 2019
On the 31 May 2018, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law hosted a workshop on the human right to access to, and enjoyment of, cultural heritage in the United Kingdom (UK), which was moderated by Kristin Hausler (Dorset Senior Fellow). This workshop was organised as part of HEURIGHT, a research project on Cultural Heritage in the European Union, in relation to which an edited volume was published by Brill Nijhoff in 2019. While there is no right to cultural…
Cultural HeritageThe Right to Cultural Heritage - Its Protection and Enforcement through Cooperation in the European Union (HEURIGHT14).
Kristin Hausler | 1st July 2019
In June 2015, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, BIICL was awarded funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) for a three-year project on 'The Right to Cultural Heritage - Its Protection and Enforcement through Cooperation in the European Union' (HEURIGHT). This project investigates how human rights guarantees in relation to cultural heritage are being understood and implemented within the EU and by the EU as part of its external action. It focuses…
Cultural HeritageCultural Heritage in the European Union
15th May 2019
Cultural Heritage in the European Union Edited by Andrzej Jakubowski, Kristin Hausler and Francesca Fiorentini Cultural Heritage in the European Union provides a critical analysis of the laws and policies which address cultural heritage throughout Europe, considering them in light of the current challenges faced by the Union. The volume examines the matrix of organisational and regulatory frameworks concerned with cultural heritage both in the Union and its Members States, as well as…
Cultural HeritageUnder Fire: Cultural Heritage and Armed Groups
Event Date: 28th January 2019
Time: 17.30-19.00 (Registration from 17.00) Event followed by a drinks reception Venue: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP THIS EVENT IS NOW FULLY BOOKED Cultural heritage is often at risk of damage or destruction in situations of armed conflicts. Certain armed groups have sometimes intentionally destroyed cultural monuments, as an attempt to erase diversity or remove the links communities have with their past. In addition…
Cultural HeritageThe Forgotten Conflict: Seeking Accountability in Yemen
Event Date: 3rd December 2018
Time: 17:30-19:00 (Registration from 17:00) Event followed by a drinks reception Venue: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP The intervention by Kristin Hausler at UNOG in September 2018 on the destruction of cultural heritage in Yemen can be accessed here. This event will address the alleged violations and abuses of international humanitarian law and international human rights law perpetrated…
Cultural HeritageCulture under fire: armed non-state actors and cultural heritage in wartime
25th October 2018
Culture under fire: armed non-state actors and cultural heritage in wartime This report presents the findings of a pioneering, twoyear study conducted by Geneva Call on cultural heritage and armed non-State actors (ANSAs). It represents the most comprehensive research available on this topic to date. The report centres around three case studies—Iraq, Mali and Syria—and is based on information obtained through desk and field research, as well as interviews with leading specialized…
Cultural Heritage+1Podcast: Cultural Heritage post-Brexit
1st August 2018
Podcast: Cultural Heritage post-Brexit Podcast: Cultural Heritage post-Brexit
Brexit+1Cultural Heritage and the Security Council: Why Resolution 2347 matters
31st March 2018
Blog: Cultural Heritage and the Security Council: Why Resolution 2347 matters This piece considers how the UN Security Council gradually established cultural heritage protection as a key element in the maintenance of international peace and security, including through its combat against terrorism financing. Considering the wider context of escalated attacks against cultural heritage in armed conflict, it analyses Resolution 2347 in parallel with other key documents adopted…
Cultural Heritage+1Cultural Heritage, Cultural Rights and the European Union
Event Date: 13th March 2018
Time: 09:10-14:00 (Registration from 08:45am) Venue: Instutite of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Staszic Palace, 72 Nowy Świat, Warsaw On 13 March 2018, the Research Team of the project HEURIGHT - The Right to Cultural Heritage - Its Protection and Enforcement through Cooperation in the European Union is organizing an international seminar, entitled "Cultural Heritage, Cultural Rights and the European Union". The core aim of this event is to present the research findings of…
Cultural HeritageDirective 2014/60/EU and the Movement of Cultural Objects in the European Union
17th February 2017
Directive 2014/60/EU and the Movement of Cultural Objects in the European Union Santander Art and Cultural Law Review 2(2) 2016 , co-edited by F Fiorentini, K Hausler, A Jagielska-Burduk, and A Jakubowski. Publication - Download PDF Share Links Publication - Tags
Cultural HeritageOutside the Debate? The Potential Impact of Brexit for Cultural Heritage in the UK
1st January 2017
Outside the Debate? The Potential Impact of Brexit for Cultural Heritage in the UK Article published in Art Antiquity and Law, Volume XXII, Issue 2, July 2017 Publication - Download PDF Share Links Publication - Tags
Cultural Heritage